Meteorologists are warning that a rare and powerful El Niño event could bring record-breaking heat across parts of the world this year, with experts saying it may become one of the strongest such events since records began in the 1870s. El Niño is a natural climate pattern that develops when sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean rise above normal levels. The event typically occurs every two to seven years.

El Niño is a natural climate pattern that develops when sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean rise above normal levels. The event typically occurs every two to seven years.

The phenomenon is caused by disruptions in normal air flow and ocean circulation patterns. Warm water from the western Pacific moves eastward toward South America, affecting the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water near Peru.

As ocean temperatures rise, atmospheric circulation changes, leading to major shifts in global weather patterns.

According to forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), there is now a 100% chance that a super El Niño will form by November.

Sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are expected to rise to nearly 3 degrees Celsius above average, reaching the highest level ever recorded. The world has not experienced an El Niño event of this scale since 1877–78.

Experts say the developing weather pattern could trigger major climate disruptions worldwide.

In New England, forecasters expect record summer heat, more frequent heat waves, higher humidity levels, and above-normal rainfall linked to coastal storms.

A typical El Niño event also affects hurricane activity. Storm formation in the Atlantic basin is usually reduced because of stronger wind shear, while storm activity often increases in the eastern Pacific.

Winter weather patterns could also shift. Southern regions may experience wetter and snowier conditions than usual, while northern areas could see milder and less humid winters.

Scientists warn that the extreme weather linked to a super El Niño could contribute to food shortages, water supply disruptions, and even civil unrest in vulnerable tropical countries.

With one of the strongest El Niño events in modern history expected to develop, experts say new global heat records could soon be set.

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