Many areas of Venezuela devastated by last week's twin earthquakes have yet to receive significant government help, leaving residents to carry out much of the rescue effort.
In the port of La Guaira, one of the hardest-hit cities, the BBC saw people using crowbars, mallets and pickaxes to try to dig out loved ones and neighbours. Tens of thousands of people are still believed to be missing.
Early on Monday, nerves were frayed by an aftershock, although no further damage was reported.
More than 1,700 people have been killed in what Interim President Delcy Rodríguez said was the "most brutal natural catastrophe" in Venezuela's history.
International aid has mobilised but hopes of finding survivors are fading. Overnight into Monday, a 21-year-old man became the latest person to be pulled alive after being trapped for over 100 hours.
The magnitude 7.2 and 7.5 quakes on Wednesday struck within 39 seconds of each other in the northern state of La Guaira, causing almost 800 buildings to collapse.
Monday's aftershock again shook La Guaira and the capital Caracas and was measured at magnitude 4.6.
In nearby Catia La Mar the main search-and-rescue efforts were also still being carried out by local volunteers and international teams and there was anger at the authorities.
The BBC saw signs of the Venezuelan police and army on the streets in the worst-affected areas, but not in the rubble.
Ruben Rojas, a 32-year-old electrician who has been digging in the rubble with only gloves and a hard hat, said: "The civil protection people decided to help, but they don't have the equipment. The government doesn't give it. They are just like us, working with their hands."
In La Guaira city the deployment of earth-moving equipment was patchy and sporadic, with local people working for days on a single building and the heavy machinery only arriving after it was too late.
Carolyn Zerpa, 39, was searching for her father and brother under the rubble by hand.
"You can't really do much with just a pickaxe," she told BBC Mundo.
Her focus has shifted from rescue to recovery, to find the remains of her family and give them a proper burial.
Zuly Marín, a La Guaira resident of 15 years, said she believed it was impossible to prepare for such a disaster but that the response had been too slow, exacerbated by Venezuela's dire economic situation.
"I lost my niece and my brother-in-law. I think that if they [the rescuers and digging equipment] had come sooner, many people could have been saved," she said.
In El Junquito, a mountainous area west of Caracas, residents told Reuters agency they had seen few public officials, while farmers and other residents have been providing basic supplies to the community.
"We are waiting for answers, for debris to be cleaned up, for inspections, for people who have been really affected to be helped," resident Keily Ibarra, 33, told Reuters.
Rodríguez has announced a commission to assess the damage. Speaking on state television, she said the group would determine who could return home using a colour-coded traffic light system to classify safety.
The commission will be chaired by her brother, National Assembly President Jorge Rodríguez. Temporary camps to house those displaced were being set up in the meantime, she added.
The rescued 21-year-old was found in the town of Caraballeda by teams from Venezuela, Mexico, and El Salvador, Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele announced on Monday.
The man, Aaron Levi Cantillo Vargas, is receiving specialised medical care, Bukele said, adding that the rescuers would "continue working with the hope of being able to save more lives".
Meanwhile more international aid has been pledged. The US has announced more than $300m (£227m) to help Venezuela - an increase from its previous commitment of $150m.
"These funds will provide emergency medical care, food assistance, water and sanitation, shelter, protection, and logistics," the US state department said.
A US frigate, the USS Fort Lauderdale, is currently positioned off the coast of La Guaira. Sailors and Marines are using landing and amphibious craft to deliver aid to the most affected coastal areas.
The Netherlands has also said it is sending a vessel carrying emergency supplies, while China has promised almost $15m in assistance.
